Vacuum Tube Formulas and Symbols

Vacuum Tube Constants
Amplication factor (Mu or u) is given by
Dynamic plate resistance in ohms, is given by
Mutual conductance in mhos, is given by

Vacuum Tube Formulas
Gain per stage is given by
Voltage output appearing in RL, is given by
Power output in RL, is given by
Maximum power output in RL which results when
RL = rp, is given by
Maximum undistorted power output in RL which
results when RL = 2rp,is given by
Required cathode biasing resistor in ohms, for a
single tube, is given by

Vacuum Tube Symbols
Mu or u
rp
gm
Ep
Eg
Ip
RL
It
Es
 
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Amplification factor,
Dynamic plate resistance in ohms,
Mutual conductance in mhos,
Plate voltage in volts,
Grid voltage in volts,
Plate current in amperes,
Plate load resistance in ohms,
Total cathode current in amperes,
Signal voltage in volts,
change or variation in value, which may be either an increment (increase) or a decrement (decrease).

Peak, R.M.S., and Average A-C Values of E & I

Given Value To get . . .
Peak R.M.S. Average
Peak 0.707 * Peak 0.637 * Peak
R.M.S. 1.41*RMS 0.9*RMS
Average 1.57*Average 1.11*Average