Common-Emitter Amplifier Circuits

Using Transistors Only

In comparing the PNP and NPN circuits this interchange in the transistor, circuits
shown here, note that the current flow in
the components of one is completely re-
versed in the other.  With the vacuum tube,
this complete interchange of current and
voltage polarities does not exist.  Because of
which have no parallel in vacuum-tube
circuitry can be produced.  Nevertheless,
the circuits of transistorized equipment are
still auite similar in many respects to those
of equipment employing vacuum tubes.
Using PNP Transistors
With Positive
Battery Terminal Grounded
With Negative
Battery Terminal Grounded
Using NPN Transistors
With Positive
Battery Terminal Grounded
With Negative
Battery Terminal Grounded